Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain is a common condition that affects the lower back and hips, causing discomfort and reduced mobility. The SI joints connect the lower spine to the pelvis and when they become inflamed or irritated, they can lead to persistent pain. Understanding the causes, types and available treatments can help manage this condition effectively.

What Are Sacroiliac Joints?

The sacroiliac joints are present on both sides of the lower spine and attach the sacrum (that triangular bone at the bottom of the spine) to the ilium (that upper part of the pelvis). The knees and hips allow for flex, serving as shock absorbers during movement, as well as providing structural stability to the lower half of the body. When these joints become inflamed or misaligned, it causes in sacroiliac joint pain.

Types of Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Pain in the sacroiliac joint can be acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral, and occur at the level of the joint or be referred from different areas. Common types include:

  • Acute SI Joint Pain: Sudden pain from injury or strain.
  • Chronic SI Joint Pain: Pain that is present of the long term due to arthritis and other conditions.
  • Pain In The SI Joint During Pregnancy: Caused by increased flexibility and hormonal change.
  • Degenerative SI Joint Pain: Wear and tear over time cause joint dysfunction.

What are the Causes of Sacroiliac Joint Pain?

Possible causes of sacroiliac joint pain can include:

  • Osteoarthritis: Over time, wear and tear causes inflammation and stiffness in joints.
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis: An arthritis that affects the spine and causes pain in the sacroiliac (SI) joints.
  • Gout: Inflammation and severe pain from the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints.
  • Injury: Falls, accidents, or direct traumas may harm the SI joints.
  • Pregnancy: Elevated hormones help joints loosen, resulting in instability and pain.
  • Walking Patterns: Walking with leg length discrepancy or postural malalignment leads to uneven weight distribution at the SI joints. When walking the pectoralis muscles are upper located and the pelvic muscles are called to correct the wrong posture, leading to strain on the SISI.

Symptoms of Sacroiliac Joint Pain

The symptoms of SI joint pain can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain, including:

  • Lower Back Pain: Aching or sharp pain near the base of the spine.
  • Hip and Groin Pain: Pain that extends to the hips, thighs or buttocks.
  • Stiffness and Limited Mobility: Difficulty in standing, walking or sitting for long periods.
  • Pain Aggravated by Movement: Activities like climbing stairs or bending may worsen symptoms.
  • Pain While Sleeping: Lying on the affected side may cause discomfort.

What is the Diagnostic Method for Sacroiliac Joint Pain?

A doctor may use various diagnostic methods to determine the cause of SI joint pain, including:

  • Physical Examination: Assessing pain levels and joint mobility through movement tests.
  • X-Rays and MRI Scans: Identifying structural damage or inflammation in the SI joints.
  • Diagnostic Injections: An anaesthetic is injected into the SI joint to confirm pain relief and pinpoint the issue.
  • Advanced Imaging: CT scans or ultrasounds for a more detailed view of joint damage.

Treatment for Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Managing SI joint pain involves a combination of therapies, medication, and sometimes surgery:

Therapy, Exercise and Self-Care

  • Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises for the lower back and pelvis to improve stability.
  • Stretching: Reducing stiffness and improving mobility in the affected area.
  • Posture Correction: Ensuring proper sitting and standing posture to reduce joint strain.

Medication and Nonsurgical Therapies

  • Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen help reduce inflammation and pain.
  • Corticosteroid Injections: Providing temporary relief by reducing joint inflammation.
  • Chiropractic Adjustments: Manual manipulation to improve joint alignment and function.
  • Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): Using heat to disrupt pain signals from the nerves.

Surgical Options

  • SI Joint Fusion: In severe cases, the joints may be fused surgically to reduce pain and instability.
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery: Small incisions to stabilize the joint using implants.

Prevention of Sacroiliac Joint Pain

Preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing SI joint pain:

  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reduces pressure on the joints.
  • Strengthening Exercises: Core and lower back workouts to improve joint stability.
  • Proper Posture: Avoid slouching while sitting or standing.
  • Use Supportive Footwear: Reduces strain on the joints and spine.
  • Advanced Preventive Care: Regular chiropractic check-ups or physiotherapy sessions can help detect early signs of joint dysfunction.

When to Visit a Doctor?

Consult a doctor if:

  • Pain persists for more than a few weeks despite home treatments.
  • You experience sharp, shooting pain in your lower back or legs.
  • There is noticeable swelling or stiffness in the joint area.
  • Symptoms worsen over time, affecting daily activities.

Home Remedies for Sacroiliac Joint Pain

In addition to medical treatments, there are several home remedies that can help manage sacroiliac joint pain and promote healing.

  • Hot and Cold Therapy: Ice packs are good for inflammation and heat therapy is great for relaxing muscles.
  • Massage Therapy: Relaxes muscles and aids in better blood circulation.
  • Yoga and Stretching: Gentle stretching can help alleviate stiffness and increase range of motion.
  • Avoid long Sitting: Limit Sitting By Taking Breaks And Changing Position
  • Supportive Sleeping Position: Use a mattress that is not soft. Use a pillow between the knees when sleeping.

Conclusion

If left untreated, sacroiliac joint pain can severely disrupt your quality of life. But with the right combination of lifestyle modifications, medications and preventative measures, you can live well with the condition. Seeking medical care is essential if symptoms last. By doing so, you can prevent complications.

If you’re suffering from chronic sacroiliac joint pain, contact an expert today for an individualized treatment plan. Book an appointment now.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the common causes of sacroiliac joint pain?

Common causes of sacroiliac joint pain include arthritis, injury, pregnancy, and the wear and tear of everyday activities.

How is sacroiliac joint pain diagnosed?

Sacroiliac joint pain is diagnosed based on your symptoms, physical examination, and imaging tests like X-rays or MRI scans to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes, a diagnostic injection into the joint may be done to help identify the source of pain.

What are the symptoms of sacroiliac joint pain?

Sacroiliac joint pain can cause lower back pain, hip pain, buttock pain, and pain that radiates down the leg.

What are the treatment options for sacroiliac joint pain?

Treatment options for sacroiliac joint pain may include physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, anti-inflammatory medications, and in some cases, surgery.

How does sacroiliac joint pain differ from other types of lower back pain?

Sacroiliac joint pain is usually felt on one side of the lower back and buttocks, rather than in the center of the lower back like other types of lower back pain.

Can sacroiliac joint pain be treated with physical therapy?

Yes, physical therapy can be an effective treatment for sacroiliac joint pain. A physical therapist can help you with specific exercises to strengthen and stabilize the joint, improve mobility, and reduce pain.

What are the risk factors for developing sacroiliac joint pain?

Risk factors for developing sacroiliac joint pain include trauma, pregnancy, arthritis, and certain inflammatory conditions.

Can sacroiliac joint pain lead to long-term disability?

Severe sacroiliac joint pain can potentially lead to long-term disability if not managed effectively. It's important to work with your healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that addresses your pain and helps you maintain function.

How does sacroiliac joint pain impact daily activities?

Sacroiliac joint pain can make it difficult to walk, sit, or stand for long periods, affecting daily activities like getting in and out of a car, climbing stairs, or even sleeping comfortably.

When should I consult a doctor for sacroiliac joint pain?

You should consult a doctor if you have persistent sacroiliac joint pain that does not improve with self-care measures like rest, ice, or over-the-counter pain medication.